Natural-Person Definitions Page

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For the text of this web-site is with the absence of the legal-advice.

Introduction

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Formation of Statutes

Fundamental Rights

Natural vs. Artificial

Definitions

Capitalization

Social Insurance Number (SIN)

Right to Contract

Employment

R.R.S.P.

Citizenship

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Statistics Act

Income Tax Act

Bank Act

Excise Tax Act

Driver's Licence

Cycles of Civilizations

Do you need a Lawyer?

English Grammar

Educational Seminars

Definitions:

To interpret 'Statutes' (viz. Acts) you must be aware of the principles of interpretation. Sometimes words are re-defined in Statutes so they may have a meaning different from their ordinary meaning. When searching for the definition of a word, the hierarchy shown below applies. You have to look down the priority list until you find the word definition for which you are seeking:

Priority Order of Word Definitions:

Subsection of the Statute in question,
Definition section of the Statute in question,
Definition section of Statutes having the same "subject" matter,
Interpretation Act,
Canadian Law Dictionary (Canadian),
Oxford Dictionary of Law (British),
Black's Law Dictionary (American),
Canadian English Dictionary.

Be aware of the phrases "In every enactment", "In this Act" or "In this section" or "In this subsection." These phrases allow local re-definitions of words that apply only to the Act, section or subsection so mentioned. These local definitions temporarily override the higher definitions until the end of the Act, section or subsection is reached.

When used in a definition, the verb "includes" appears to have been adjudicated so as to expand the ordinary definition to include additional scope. Although we may not necessarily agree with this, we have to work with judgements which have been made, even though said judgements may be incorrect. What "includes" does is force you to look elsewhere in the Act to find where your fundamental rights are recognized. See Government Tricks for more details.

As an example, look at the Interpretation Act (herein the 'IA'), section 35. (1) where the word person is re-defined include a corporation as follows:

In every enactment
person, or any word descriptive of a person, includes a corporation;

The IA defines the words to be used in all Statutes unless overridden by a local definition within that Statute (according to the hierarchy above). Therefore almost all Statutes really only apply to corporations, such as JOHN DOE (see Natural versus Artificial), but the Statutes may also apply to natural-persons (with which we don't agree) unless you can discover where they Statues violate your human rights.

For example, in the Criminal Code of Canada (herein the 'CCC'), section 2 Definitions, the word person is used but not re-defined differently from the IA. As the CCC is the main Act with the same subject matter as that of Bill C-24, and since person is not re-defined for the purposes of these Acts, the definition of the word person from the IA must apply. Therefore the CCC as well as Bill C-24 appear to apply to artificial-persons (but we have to consider natural-persons too, even though we don't agree), thereby allowing the CCC to apply to natural as well as artificial-persons. Where the CCC violates the natural-person's fundamental rights and freedoms must be discovered as required. The CCC may basically by in violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (see Download) but such violation may be required to maintian order in our society (although we don't agree). As most people are basically honest and responsible, the CCC is really meant for those when are neither honest nor responsible.

As another example, look in Black's Law Dictionary (7th Edition) at the general definition of person and you will see the general definition encompasses both natural & artificial:

person 1. A human being. 2. An entity (such as a corporation) that is recognized by law as having the rights and duties of a human being. 3. The living body of a human being <contraband found on the smuggler's person>.

From this general definition you will see that person includes both human beings and entities (corporations and other legal entities). However in the IA, person could have been defined as above, but it was not done so, creating doubt as to its interpretation. A restrictive definition would ensure that most Statutes only apply to CORPORATIONS (artificial-persons) so as not to infringe on the natural-person's fundamental rights and freedoms as outlined in the Magna Charta, the Canadian Bill of Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, however it now appears that each natural-person must fight for and protect his human rights as they are no longer protected by the rule of law. Tyranny is the ultimate result of such corrupt government practices which appear to exist world-wide.

"Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,"
(Preamble - Universal Declaration of Human Rights)